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BĐT đúng với n=2

giả sử BĐT đúng với n=k , tức là: \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}< k\sqrt{\frac{k+1}{2}}\)

Ta phải chứng minh BĐT đúng vớới n=k+1:

\(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}< \left(k+1\right)\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\)

Ta thấy: \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}< k\sqrt{\frac{k+1}{2}}+\sqrt{k+1}\)

Mà: \(k\sqrt{\frac{k+1}{2}}+\sqrt{k+1}< \left(k+1\right)\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\)(*)

Thậy vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{k+1}\left(\frac{k}{\sqrt{2}}+1\right)< \left(k+1\right)\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\Leftrightarrow\frac{k}{\sqrt{2}}+1< \sqrt{k+1}\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{k+\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}}< \sqrt{k+1}\frac{\sqrt{k+2}}{\sqrt{2}}\Leftrightarrow k^2+2\sqrt{2k}+2< k^2+3k+2\)(luôn đúng)

Suy ra: \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}< \left(k+1\right)\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\)

hay \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...\sqrt{n}< n\sqrt{\frac{n+1}{2}}\)

Mình cảm ơn bạn ạ!!

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\left(n+1\right)n}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)

\(=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

\(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

\(< \left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n+1}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

Áp dụng vào bài toán ta được

\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

\(=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\)

\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)

Với mọi n nguyên thì \(B=3n+2\) luôn chia 3 dư 2

Mà mọi số chính phương khi chia 3 đều dư 0 hoặc 1

\(\Rightarrow\) B không phải là SCP

\(\Rightarrow\) A không phải số nguyên